To treat rare immune deficiency disease, scientists repurpose bone marrow transplant drug

ScienceDaily (Sep. 2, 2011) ? A new study reports that a drug already approved by the Food and Drug Administration for use in patients undergoing a bone marrow transplant may also have promise for treating people who have a rare immune deficiency known as WHIM syndrome. People with the syndrome are more susceptible to potentially life-threatening bacterial and viral infections, particularly human papillomavirus infections, which cause skin and genital warts and can lead to cancer.

The study was conducted by investigators at the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH).

Boys and girls are equally at risk of inheriting the genetic mutation that causes WHIM syndrome, and the disorder frequently affects multiple family members. Approximately 60 patients worldwide have been diagnosed with WHIM syndrome, 10 of whom are currently receiving care at NIH.

As a result of the inherited genetic mutation, the function of a molecule, called CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4), increases. This in turn inhibits migration of neutrophils and other types of white blood cells from the bone marrow into the bloodstream. With fewer circulating immune cells, those with the disorder are less able to fight off infections.

Patients with WHIM syndrome are currently treated with intravenous immunoglobulin, a blood product containing purified human infection-fighting antibodies, and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, a molecule that stimulates production and maturation of neutrophils. But both therapies are difficult to administer, costly and only partially effective in treating the disease.

The drug tested in the study, known as plerixafor, blocks the activity of CXCR4 and could provide a targeted therapy for this disease. Over a seven-day period, three adult patients with WHIM syndrome were given six injections of increasing doses of plerixafor. The NIAID team observed that the numbers of nearly all immune cell deficiencies in the three patients increased to normal levels, with only minimal adverse side effects at the highest doses.

The investigators say the next step is to determine if long-term use of plerixafor, which is manufactured by Genzyme Corporation (Cambridge, Mass.), is safe and effective in adults. If it is, they will consider conducting clinical studies of plerixafor in children with WHIM syndrome.

WHIM stands for warts, hypogammaglobulinemia, infections and myelokathexis, which are the main features of the disease. Hypogammaglobulinemia is an immune disorder marked by a deficiency in gamma globulins, blood plasma proteins that include antibodies made by the body to fight infections. Myelokathexis refers to an inadequate number of neutrophils in the blood, despite adequate production in the bone marrow. The mutations causing WHIM syndrome were first identified in 2003.

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Story Source:

The above story is reprinted (with editorial adaptations by ScienceDaily staff) from materials provided by NIH/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, via EurekAlert!, a service of AAAS.

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Journal Reference:

1. David H. McDermott, Qian Liu, Jean Ulrick, Nana Kwatemaa, Sandra Anaya-O'Brien, Scott R. Penzak, Joao Oliveira Filho, Debra A. Long Priel, Corin Kelly, Mary Garofalo, Patty Littel, Martha M. Marquesen, Dianne Hilligoss, Rosamma DeCastro, Thomas A. Fleisher, Douglas B. Kuhns, Harry L. Malech, and Philip M. Murphy. The CXCR4 antagonist plerixafor corrects panleukopenia in patients with WHIM syndrome. Blood, 2011; DOI: 10.1182/blood-2011-07-368084

Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

Disclaimer: This article is not intended to provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Views expressed here do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

Source: http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/09/110902110250.htm

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